Cognitive Biblical
Therapy Coursework

Counseling Through God’s
Transformative Word

Course 4, Chapter 14

Materials

Welcome to Section 4: Issues of Abuse

Chapter 14 Emotional Abuse in Marriage

Emotional abuse is difficult to work through because it is often very complex and over a long period of time before the relationship begins to break down. Denial and avoidance in personal and relational issues, will lead to deep mistrust in a marriage.  Yet in the text’s case study, God uses CBT tools to provide the necessary discussion towards repentance, surrender and a reconciled marriage. ‍

Essay Questions: Answering the section questions (red buttons) is a great way to prepare for the end of the Chapter Quiz. Chapter 14 questions require you to analyze the case study and apply both present and previous course understanding, while using common sense. The section questions will provide Dr. Wilkinson’s feedback to your answers.

Quiz Requirement: At the end of the Chapter, a score of 75% is necessary on the Chapter Quiz in order to access the next chapter.

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Chapter 14

Emotional/Mental Abuse in Marriage

Symptoms Surrounding Emotional Abuse

Section four is next, chapters focusing on Issues in Relationships, primarily around abuse.  First, we will deal with emotional abuse. Case study 14 is about a marriage with both emotional and mental abuse, describing some fascinating issues and interesting stories. You will find the description of the Symptoms of Dysfunction section in the Symptoms and Treatment Text (see Materials tab). After you locate the Case Study documents, read the descriptions of the issues of emotional/mental abuse. After reading it, read the text below of my descriptions of the symptoms of dysfunction details and case study example.

Let’s begin by giving a general definition of emotional abuse in marriage: Emotional abuse is a repetitive pattern of using manipulative, witty/demeaning words, undermining a spouse’s value and credibility by disrespectful, blame shifting reactions, with controlling motives. In the emotional abuse case study (14), the man has an Active-sincere personality type and the woman has an Active personality. While reading the text and symptoms, you may feel confused, which spouse is being described or see different personality types in the case study.  This may occur, since both spouses in the case study and in general are co-dependent acting and reacting in similar ways.  They may wish and want to be less “passive” or look “sincere” in their scores, there can be aspects of being “passive” too. Such as, looking at the symptoms of emotional abuse are symptoms as being passive, a passive active manipulator, or a victim. In their personality type, there may be a willingness to accept the behavior, because of the abuse or an almost unreal or Twilight Zone lifestyle. In other words, people may accept and tolerate the abuse by allowing all sorts of bizarre behavior, unrealistic standards, or inappropriate expectations on both parts. There may also be obvious inconsistencies and double standards: the abuser may have two sets of attitudes or expectations for his wife, children, relatives and friends depending upon the context, day of the week or their mood. The abuser’s actions, reactions and unpredictable words and behaviors can be used for control, to cut off their mental ability to make healthy choices and decisions for themself; especially if it is different than what the abuser desires at the moment.  The abused spouse feels like there is no point to working with God because they "just can't win because no matter what he or she does it never works out anyway".

Along with being extremely emotional, they might have almost a bipolar sort of behavior. One time being very excited and the next being very depressed. They also may live from crisis to crisis, never getting away from being on high alert. Everything is a catastrophe. If anything bad could happen, it would happen to them, consistently, over and over. Also, they may have psychosomatic illness or actual illness. They may worry and stay so upset that they have a bleeding ulcer. They may constantly have phantom aches and pains everywhere, so that they're always suffering from some ailment. Sometimes the illness results from poor choices of general lifestyle which results in always being tired, and susceptible to colds and flu. Usually, they eat poorly, either not enough or more than needed, sometimes, poor quality of food. Often, they're anemic. They may feel hopeless, or have an extreme sense of confidence, control and arrogance. 

Other times people who live totally by emotions build that imaginary twilight zone (unreal), so they are the eternal optimist and avoid reality, or they constantly assume the worst. They may have a family history that goes back generations of the same type of emotional dependence, control or abuse. Enabling behaviors by the abused spouse are generally present.  One or both spouses may have a deep-seated sense of lack of intelligence, discernment, self-esteem or self-confidence. 

The first step of treatment for both or one of the spouses who are attending counseling, is to evaluate their personality type and their concept of Agape love through the questionnaire. Again, teach them the proper form of confrontation. Then confront either their willingness to accept the abuse or be the abuser in one or both of the clients. Remember a similar discussion at the bottom of Chapter 6, some who choose to accept the situation of abuse and do not get help?  Confronting their willingness is also a part of assessing if the client is both willing and ready to face the broken relationship and abuse, to take steps to get help.  If so, it may be necessary to discuss separation, from the spouse, the job, the children or anything that holds them in bondage. 

In the Treatment text, the description reminds you to explain that “only trust in God's literal ability to help an individual confront the abuser’s behavior as inappropriate.”  There are three unspoken expectations here, that either reinforce safety, care and protection by the couple: 1) cease doing the behavior, 2) cease labeling behavior as appropriate and 3) impose boundaries where needed. Only when the abused spouse makes this choice will the person move toward healing from the codependent relationship. The symptoms are clear cut and the treatment is easy to say, but the work required is complex and difficult.

Question 1

Fully answer the following question from the content you just read and submit your answer to find your score and Dr. Dan's answer to the question.

Describe some ways in which a person could emotionally abuse their spouse and its impact.

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Dr. Dan's Answer:

Emotional abuse mostly occurs through extremes in the relationship that come about through manipulation, inconsistencies, and control. The abuser's actions, reactions, and unpredictable words and behaviors cause the other spouse to experience mental confusion, a sense of personal incompetence, or an attitude of despair.

Sarcasm, body language, and impatience all work to make the abused spouse feel like there is no point to working with God -- because the client "just can't win, because no matter what he or she does it never works out anyway."

Revealing the Truth in Love

Back to Case Study 14 and the situation this case represents. Let's look at the man's scores first. Some of his highest scores or the least amount of trouble he dealt with are: C envy (22), D boast (19), G self-seeking (22). He started to have some troubles in: B kind (16), E pride (14), F rude (18), I keep record of wrong (18), and JK delight in evil (18) which shows he is negative most of the time. He had some difficulty with: N hope (16), and O persevere (15), tending to think everything was his responsibility. He had to do everything on his own power and strength. How he persevered was using emotional abuse and manipulation. He had the most trouble with: A patience (11), H easily angered (11), and L protects (12) which is a very key issue, and another key issue was M trust (11), as well as the last element of love, P fails (13). His personality type was both active, right and wrong, do it now, and sincere. So, his motives were ultimately good, but the low score you look for is on pride. Sincerity is a potential or an actual reality, but they have never been confronted by why they appear to be prideful (passive). This unknown element will show in responses to how they deal with the issues. And as I explain more of this, you'll see that he really wrestled with submission, and did submit finally.  But he had a deeply entrenched pattern of manipulation or emotional abuse which was very destructive, placing his fun, humor and making fun of other people (his wife) in place of seeking security in God, that he had never faced. And the man was in his late 40s, though learned to act out his insecurities from watching his father (attention seeking behaviors), laughing at his wit and arrogance of pulling jokes as a coping mechanism and now found it very hard to address this pattern. 

Now let's look at the woman's scores. The places where she had the least amount of trouble were: C envy (22), D boast (20), G self-seeking (17), I keep a record (19), and L protects (16) which contrasts with his score of 12. That meant that in the relationship, she didn't have a tendency to be sarcastic or caustic verbally. And yet, when I describe the details, she was initially labeled as the problem in the marriage, not him at all. She had some trouble with: A patience (13), B kind (14), E pride (16), F rude (15), H easily angered (12), N hopes (13). Her lowest scores were: J-K delight in evil (11) which is being negative, M trust (9), not trusting God and doing things on her own strength. Because of all those tendencies, she feels like a failure, P fail (10) while lacking in a sincere relationship with God. 

These two individuals had been married about 17 years, and there were lots of things that had happened over that time that were never addressed. I indirectly knew these clients over a period of years through some other acquaintances. I would see them two or three times a month, for an hour or so each time. Just observing them, I knew there was something wrong for about five years before they actually came to me for counseling. You may find acquaintances you know come to you for counseling, since they know a little about you and their friends trust you.  Don’t decline their request immediately and don’t say “yes” too quickly; take time to seek the counsel of the Lord for discernment, that may also include setting some clear boundaries.

The man was typically a joker or a clown, the life of the party, likable person, always making jokes that were a bit to the extreme. For example, he would go into a store with his wife and fake having a heart attack or becoming sick, by lying down on the floor, moaning and acting it all out dramatically. Often, he pretended that he was going to do something illegal in the store around the clerks. And in a few cases, the clerks went to the manager, who called the police, who arrested him. In one instance, they were actually handcuffed, both of them, and led out of the store into a patrol car. After questioning them, they were being released and walked past friends, acquaintances and people from their church. He felt like this was relatively okay. He had witnessed his father and brother doing the same types of things. The family had a reputation of being jokesters. They all did this out of an insecurity covered by arrogance that is evidenced in the low score on pride. 

He was blind to how destructive and disrespectful this was and how he hurt his wife. Rather than protecting his wife, his behavior caused her anger. He subjected his wife to shame and ridicule, and disregarded her need to be protected as a representative of the Lord. She could not feel respect, admiration, or feel safe with him. His spiritual issues especially dealt with trust. He didn't have a sense of trust in God, that he didn't have to be the clown, or the brunt of the jokes. Also, he had a sense of needing to perform, in order to be valued. He persevered by being the clown, literally sacrificing his own sense of worth, while turning a deaf ear to the Holy Spirit. Also, he had some issues with love never fails, which basically means he felt like a failure. That was the motivation for his tendency to always be the clown, and make everybody happy so that he would feel secure. This pervasive trait was generational from his father. 

When you look at her scores, she has an Active personality, so she deals with right and wrong, no grey areas. When he would do these clowning things, her first reaction would be to say things that were cutting, cruel, pushy, naggy, sarcastic, and disrespectful. I observed this many times before I met them in counseling. Some would say she kept him “in line”. She had been trying to get his attention, and talk to him about his behavior for a long time, and it just didn't work. She had gone far past any sort of gentleness. Instead, she was frustrated, bitter, angry and insecure. Part of her issues came from growing up in a home where the father was an active elder in the church, and he was supposed to represent what God is like. Her father was very strong willed, and her mother was passive. She watched her father be disrespectful to her mother, and decided at an early age that she would not take that sort of treatment from anybody. She got very rebellious against her father, and rejected his Christianity. She saw a lot of things in her parents that were hypocritical. Her parents impacted the way she treated her husband and possibly some of the reasons for her low scores on J-K Delights in Evil, M Trusts - P Never Fails.  She had her reasons for not respecting him, since in his life there were some things he shouldn’t have been involved with, because they were very sinful, destructive things that should have never happened outside of his marriage. 

She became very cynical and critical and wasn't saved, and then saw within her husband a man that professed a lot of the same things that dad did, but had destructive behaviors, that he didn't seek to change. He emulated her father a lot, but never got involved in adultery. But as I spoke to him about abuse, I said to him, “You have been adulterous to your wife spiritually.” They came to me for counseling because of her involvement in adultery. As I talked to them, I learned that there had been more than one time. He knew about them all and was very incensed. His statement was, “I put up with this a few times, and I don't have to take this anymore. She doesn't want to be a Christian, and I've just had it!  I will get a divorce, because I have grounds. I have a right.” There were three kids involved. He came first and she wasn't going to. I talked about divorce and his feelings of betrayal. When she learned that he was considering divorce, she came to be part of the decisions that would affect her. 

As you notice in their story, the presenting issue (her adultery) was not the rock in the rock and ripple metaphor.  Neither was his “manipulative, emotional abuse behaviors” the rock or identified as the problems.  Only after a handful of sessions, when I explained their personality types, their tendencies and explained their scores on the concepts of Agape love, where his emotional abuse tendencies come to the surface. I had to explain how he embarrassed her by his actions in public to get people to see him as funny (attention seeking). She commented that people always come up and laugh, and they'll say, how do you stand it? He's such a clown. She had the deepest wound and the deepest bitterness, she said to me, “You know, that's the absolute truth. How do you stand somebody that never fulfills your needs for security, for your ability to respect him, to have a desire to want to be in the relationship, because he is constantly a clown. He is never serious about anything. Even when I try to get serious, he gets cruel and nasty, defensive and argumentative.” She said, “How do you stand that? I don't want to stand that anymore. I don't want to be in this.”

One of the times that I had been around him, he was with his mother. They were reminiscing about an incident she experienced with her husband and her three sons. They all knew his mother was going to have a friend come into town, so they decided to do something to play a joke on her that was in very, very poor taste. When the wife brought the friend home, who was visiting from out of town, they chose to play this prank, and it embarrassed the woman tremendously. And later, the wife went to the husband and said, “Why did you do that?” And he said to her, “Don't be stupid. There was nothing wrong with that. It's just fine. You're being silly.” He totally ignored her and the son had the same pattern. 

I talked to him about this situation to illustrate that you can be abusive, unfaithful to your vows to respect and to treat your wife with honor and dignity. It is wrong to deny your spouse’s words of explanation and tell them that they're being stupid for thinking something's wrong with it. Now this absolutely incensed him, because what I said was, this can happen. And he said, “No, that's stupid. That's not so! This thing I did with my brothers and dad was not wrong. It was just a joke. You're making a bunch of junk out of nothing.” I said, “Well, let me give you one other way to look at this.” I said, “Here's what I want you to do. I want you to go back and ask your mother about this incident, ask her if she remembers it. Ask her what she felt. I'll tell you what I heard her say about how she felt. I was at her house the other day, and somehow, we got talking about your dad and all of the silly stuff he did and how much fun he was. 

Now, remember, this was over 20 years ago that you guys did this. Your mother started talking to me about this, and she broke down and wept like a baby. She didn't just sort of cry. She was hurt and she cried hard for about 10 or 15 minutes. Here's a bottom line to what she said to me, ‘I tried to talk to him, he told me I was being stupid and making a mountain out of a molehill. He hurt me deeply to this day, because he wouldn't listen. As good as our marriage was, there were places where I hated it, because there were places where he embarrassed me, at church, in front of friends, and he wouldn't listen. He never listened for years and years and years and years. I regret that we couldn't resolve that, because it was a place where I couldn't be close to him. I couldn't trust him, and I felt that he was unfaithful to me because of the emotional torment and anguish I'd go through and the inability to resolve the problem.” 

The male client got furious. He said, “That's a stinking lie. She never said that. That never bothered her. Dad had never hurt her.” I said, “Go ask her, and then come back. And if you ask her, and she says, it is so, then you think and pray about how your impatience, your pride, you're being easily angered, you're not being protective in how you act and how you speak. You're not trusting God to help you face the real reason you're like this with your problems and your insecurities. How you dump on your wife and mistreat her with playing the clown and acting stupid. You need to think and pray about your sense of failure, and your sense of being not good enough. Ask God if that is what is wrong, and if it is, you repent. You get down on your belly if you need to, and you ask God to forgive you. And then you go to your wife and you tell her you've been wrong and ask her to forgive you. Because if you don't do that, then nothing is going to change.” And he had said to me before that part of the discussion that he was hurt so badly. And I said, “Okay, you tell me this, which sin is worse? Worse the sin of adultery, or the sin of pride, impatience, emotional abuse, being easily angered and not trusting God. He said, “Well, of course, hers is worse. She has committed adultery.” 

He went and talked to his mother, and she repeated exactly what I had said, and he was absolutely destroyed, and he did think and pray. He was genuinely sincere, but he had never faced that part of the problem, and no one had ever explained it to him. Nothing had ever really revealed it, and his wife didn't have a good way to deal with him. He came back a radically different man, and he said to me, “You're right and I'm wrong, and I've been wrong for a long time.” He was shocked when he realized that the same sort of patterns for how he treated his wife were also evident in his children. He realized that what his wife had been telling him was true, and not only had he been that way to her, but he had been teaching the kids how to be the same way.

Question 2

Fully answer the following question from the content you just read and submit your answer to find your score and Dr. Dan's answer to the question.

List a number of potential reasons for a person's desire to emotionally abuse another individual.

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Dr. Dan's Answer:

A person can be seeking inappropriate control, security from a substitute for God, or can be ignorant of their actions to some degree because of their own sin, or can defend their actions while willfully in sin. The individual may be impacted by a mental or emotional health disorder.

This individual may have experienced verbal, mental, and/or physical abuse in their childhood, including examples of how parents deal with family stress and conflict. Some personality types are reactive in their nature, attention seeking, or use emotional abuse as a coping mechanism for marital tension.

 Responding to Husband’s Repentance

When I initially talked with her, she wouldn't counsel with me. When he started to change, she called me and she said, “It seems like he's listening, and I can see the potential that things are starting to change. And I will talk to you at least once.” That was amazing, because they had pretty much given up and at the edge of divorce. The problem had gone on for so long, she sought comfort and security outside of her marriage. She didn't do that for sexual satisfaction. She did it to find someone who would just be tender, listen to her and respect her. Because it was adultery, she never found the security and satisfaction she sought. Anyone willing to commit adultery, has impure motives, and any kindness they give is temporary. It's only a question of time, until there are problems. She would cut the relationships off, because she would feel very guilty and convicted. She told me that she was amazed that I understood their relationship and how that was affecting her. She was also amazed that I had confronted him first, and he had been willing to listen. But this opened up the fact that she didn't have a relationship to God. She was so burned out by the hypocrisy she had seen in her father, that she was very leery of being a Christian. Her father was also very rigid who demanded all kinds of performance. She equated being a Christian with a God that would crack a whip over your head, and make you perform and do and be all the things that Christians are supposed to do and be.

I explained very simply that salvation it isn't performance, it is a free gift, that needs a simple prayer. God meets you where you are, works with you, and builds you up day by day. You are not compared to anybody else. Although she was scared, she was willing to accept the Lord. She was afraid to pray, so I prayed a prayer for her.  She agreed to pray the prayer of salvation in her own heart to herself, if I would say it, she would repeat it in her mind and soul. That might sound a little odd, but one thing I've found about working with a person is. I don't put my standard for how they ought to do something on them. It's sort of like the example I told you in an earlier lesson, about the guy that got saved and then came in and cursed and said, “I've had an H---- of A GOOD DAY WITH JESUS reading the Bible.” That's great. I'm sorry that he swore”, but he was reading the Bible and he was sincere.

So, when this client said that's what she wanted to do, I didn't argue with her. I said, “Okay, let's go for it.” So, I prayed a simple prayer, “Jesus, forgive me of my sins.” And then I waited few seconds, and then I said, “Jesus, be my Lord and Savior,” and waited a few more, and “Jesus, I've done these things in the wrong, forgive me.” I just made it brief, simple. And then I looked at her, and I said, “Now you need to understand that the word says in Romans that if you confess with your lips and you believe in your heart that Jesus is your Lord. You will be saved. And you've done that. You've done it your own way, but you've done it and you believe it, and so you are saved. And that is something that no one can ever argue with you about or change or any other thing.”

 So that's how we started. Then later on, as we got into the Word Studies, she came up against places where she was impatient, unkind, prideful, and rude. The denomination of the church she attended taught entire or complete sanctification, and she wanted to understand it. So, I explained that from the Wesleyan perspective, she needed to fully submit her will and self to God, because she was an arguer, headstrong, and stubborn. Those behaviors were bugging her, and she was wrestling with her attitude toward her husband, “Well, who does he think he is? I’ve got a right to be this way, and I don't have to take that!” She was still quick to jump to conclusions. She went forward in her church one Sunday, and she just basically prayed a very simple prayer. She just said to Jesus, “I give you my entire being, body, mind, soul and especially will.” That commitment made a difference in her when she went to use the steps of patience, that was her anchor. “I am saved. I am righteous. I am submitted. So, Lord, take control now. I give you that right again, and help me to think. Help me to not jump to conclusions. Help me to believe that I am righteous, and others can be. Help me believe my husband is, but he does not know how to respond. He's impatient. Help me to give him information or to hear what he says.”

That pattern of thinking brought her deeper into her faith. Now, this process happened over a period of months, and especially when we got into issues. All of that unresolved stuff that he had done for all those years, just rolled out of her like a waterfall. She brought up the store, she brought up being arrested, she brought up church situations, she brought up parenting, she brought up things that he'd done with money. They had a horrendous struggle with money. They both worked, but he loved to fish. He loved to buy fishing poles, bass boats, lures, all kinds of stuff. She liked buying clothes and home decor. They were both looking for alternatives to security through things. We worked back and forth with all of these spending issues, and they steadily grew closer. They had a complete and total reversal of their troubled relationship. 

They drew closer to each other, physically, sexually, and most of all, spiritually. His behaviors changed, but he still had a quick wit and a sense of humor. He didn't get into the behaviors that were extreme. They established a catchphrase to alert the other person that they are slipping back into an old behavior, that are very useful for clients to help each other. Theirs was, “Give me a quarter.” Give me a quarter meant the current behavior is getting out of control which could mean you are acting too silly for the situation, you are talking too much, you are making a fool out of yourself. Each of these behaviors were tied to something that had happened in the past in their relationship. It also carried with it the clue that I am getting angry. She would very quietly take his hand and squeeze it, and whisper to him, “Give me a quarter.” That was a trigger to him to stop and think, to pray, to seek God, to settle down. That will work if they both agree, and select a phrase that is not offensive to either. 

In a different case a man would talk loudly and get louder, and talk faster when he got frightened or insecure. His wife would rub lightly the back of his hand near his wrist, as a way to let him know that he was talking too fast, or loudly. That would help him to stop and think and correct his behavior. He saw that action from his wife as respect and love, helping him to choose not continue the behavior. 

In the case study, the emotional abuse stopped. They got a new balance. She acknowledged that she had been wrong in what she had done. Her acceptance of the Lord and her submission to the Lord gave her a new sense of strength and of peace. He had to accept his need to be secure in a proper way. Looking at his family trait and seeing it as inappropriate, empowered him to have a deeper, stronger faith, and be more balanced as both a person and as a Christian. Once they were repaired and stronger, they had to address the behaviors of their children. The oldest child was getting ready to get out of high school, and could be very manipulative in a charming way. The middle child was more sensitive and felt hopeless and beat up by all of the conflict in the family over the years. The youngest child, who was about eight, was relatively straight, and had a pretty clear sense of balance. He didn't let a lot of things bother him. They were able to do a lot with the youngest, and some with the middle child. Because the oldest child was pretty set, and had some of the same behaviors of the dad, that child is changing slowly. The whole family was able to come together to learn and understand each other better. Because they had a marvelous amount of healing, they stayed together and when you see them now, they're holding hands. They're close to each other. They're talking; they solve their problems. They deal with things. They have a marvelous, restored marriage and a relationship as individuals to God. 

Copyright 1987, 1990, 1993 by Daniel D. Wilkinson. All rights reserved. For more information concerning this material, write to:
The Biblical Christian Counseling Ministries, Inc., 2730 Radcliffe Dr., Florissant, MO 63031.
Any reproduction of this material without the express written consent of the author is prohibited. Printed in the U.S.A..

Question 3

In your own words, answer the following question and submit to see Dr. Dan's answer. This question is for your personal reflection -- no score is given.

Usually, emotional abuse creates an intense sense of insecurity, a sense of low self-esteem, and an unwillingness to perceive self as intelligent and competent. Give your own opinion as to why this is so and how the process of "patience" from 1 Corinthians 13:4 overcomes this tendency.

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Your response has been recorded. Compare your answer with Dr. Dan's below.

Dr. Dan's Answer:

These messages -- such as insecurity -- are all basically negative. The process of patience forces the client to establish one basic premise: that God is good, and hence anything that is His or of Him is good also. The client ultimately accepts this and rejects the idea that he or she is anything but righteous, even though he or she is not perfect or without problems.

The two issues -- worth and actions -- become separate issues, which they have never been before.

Question 4

Fully answer the following question from the content you just read and submit your answer to find your score and Dr. Dan's answer to the question.

How do you perceive emotional abuse affecting their spouse's concept of God?

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Dr. Dan's Answer:

The client's abuse will be a direct reflection of their concept of God. They will act in accordance with their concept of love (patience, kindness, rudeness, etc. -- 1 Corinthians 13:4-8) and not even necessarily be fully cognizant of where their distortions come from.

Yet they lack a belief that God cares enough, is trustworthy enough, and enables them to depend upon Him for help.

Question 5

Fully answer the following question from the content you just read and submit your answer to find your score and Dr. Dan's answer to the question.

After couples surrender their willful actions and reactions in emotional abuse, what are some positive ways they begin to support one another from not falling back into old habits or reactions?

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Dr. Dan's Answer:

Both spouses have to accept their part in the emotional abuse and surrender to God's desire for marriage, which brings personal and marital peace. The case study examples revealed the wife using a secret question to alert her husband. Another example was a wife rubbing the back of her husband's hand as a means to respect and love him by alerting him to his reactive behaviors.


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