Cognitive Biblical
Therapy Coursework
Counseling Through God’s
Transformative Word
Course 4, Chapter 3
Section 2: Issues in Relationships
Chapter 3: Co-Dependency Dysfunction
The dysfunction of this relationship comes from the clients unhealthy patterns of control, manipulation and insecurity, that led to disappointment, unmet needs and relationally trapped. Comparing and contrasting Agape love qualities to co-dependent relationship patterns calls each person to trust God and take risks to love in the freedom we have in Jesus Christ.
Essay Questions: Answering the section questions (red buttons) is a great way to prepare for the end of the Chapter Quiz. Chapter 4 questions require you to analyze the case study and apply both present and previous course understanding, while using common sense. The section questions will provide Dr. Wilkinson’s feedback to your answers.
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Chapter 3
Co-Dependency Dysfunction
Personality Type’s Impact
Question 1. Our second relationship issue is a codependent relationship. Remember in this section you will learn the interplay that occurs between individuals in a relationship. We will examine major issues within the relationship. The symptoms of the dysfunction will include things like aggression or passivity, being controlled or controlling, feelings of helplessness or hopelessness, a distortion of reality, distortion of the truth, or the true perception of reality. This will use Case Study 7 materials and the description of codependency in Course 4 (see Materials tab on left side of text). The graphs with composite scores are labeled: Passive (Man) and Active (woman). Look over the graphs and put the woman's set of scores on your right and the man's graph on your left. Some of the symptoms of dysfunction are: aggression, passivity, feelings of helplessness, and distorted perspective over reality. The person is a victim of given things: violence, control, financial desperation, restricted travel, no friendships or not getting help from someone. The codependent person may triangulate another family member (mother, father, sibling) into their marital relationship. Other times, the person will be inconsistent in their expectations, give mixed messages or emotionally shut their spouse out of their life for a time. Often the codependent person is resistant to your help, and will make excuses for their own behavior or that of the other person. The person will generally fear losing control of how they feel loved and avoid facing their emptiness inside.
Question 2. Let's start with the woman’s set of scores. She has the classic pattern of the active person who is not prideful, wants to do what's right, but goes from perception to reaction almost immediately. The tendency she is blind to is her impatience (16). Her other scores are: boast (16), not easily angered (16), and trusts (17). Being easily angered means she also provokes others at times, to manage others when struggling to control her own emotions. And she has trouble with trust: trusting God to help her, trusting God to effect change in her husband, trusting God to wait while her husband thinks, to not nag him, to not jump down his throat, to not get exasperated and hopeless. She also has some trouble with perseverance, running life on her strength and not God's.
The man seems to be passive with the typical low score on proud (14). He also wrestles with being impatient (14) and unkind (14). Those are the tools used for good communication and dealing with life issues: stop, think, pray. This show that he doesn't have a good way to avoid being prideful. He tends to wimp out, be soft-spoken, and feel sorry for himself. At times, he gets loud and mad. He's also having trouble with being easily angered (14), so he tends to be negative. Anything she does that is inappropriate in his mind seems much worse than it really is (J-K is 11). He doesn’t trust God to help him to overcome things, but his fear is in control, reacting to her erratic actions. He also doesn't have much hope (14), lacks confidence in the future being good. If he has a problem, there is no favorable and confident expectation of a good outcome. He lives a lot of his own life on his strength, so he received a 13 on perseverance and a 14 on fails. He has a lot of false guilt. His victim mode is phony. He's prideful, so he acts like this poor beat-up husband, when the reality is he makes bad choices. He is irresponsible, overly dependent upon her and the wife doesn't know how to talk to him properly. So, she always looks like the bad guy, and he always looks like the victim. Their co-dependency comes from needing each other to act this way, so that they can justify not facing their own problems and changing. Their sense of self comes from controlling their spouse and/or family members, or over identification can bring a false sense of emotional stability.
Co-dependency can exist anywhere. You can have an active boss with passive employees. You can have a passive parent with an active child who is in charge. You can have a passive adult who has a 60-year-old active parent requiring the adult child 40 years old, to be home by 10 P.M. Codependency will display itself when one or both people use each other in an unhealthy manner to cope with their own emotional struggles or to get their emotional needs met in an unhealthy manner.
The treatment is to evaluate their knowledge of Agape love through the Analysis Questionnaire (AQAL). Their treatment started with learning the elements of Agape love through the word studies beginning with the elements that were the lowest scores. For the woman the lowest scores were impatience and boastfulness. Their different personality types worked against each other which made their relationship caustic. We had to get into the actual confrontation of the behaviors, and then work with them to break out of this bondage. In some cases, I've had to help people separate to stop the destruction of the relationship, talking about issues and resolving problems.
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What are the two primary difficulties that the counselor faces within the clients in a co-dependent relationship?
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Dr. Dan's Answer:
The first difficulty is that one of the clients is usually controlling by choice and is unwilling to give up that control. The second difficulty can be that the other client is appearing to be a helpless victim, but may actually be controlling the other person through the role of victim and the use of subtle manipulation and emotion.
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What types of actions on the part of the client that initially appears to be passive, must the counselor help that individual to overcome if the treatment is to be successful?
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Dr. Dan's Answer:
The passive client will tend to withdraw and not talk when threatened or insecure. The counselor has to help the passive client gain enough trust in God to speak up, confront and be successful in conflict by relying upon God to enable him or her to speak, have discernment and live out the principles of God's Agape love.
In this particular case, they didn't separate, and there was no one else involved. When I first met the couple, the man immediately struck me as very quiet and withdrawn. He seemed to have a good spirit, but I couldn't tell, because he was so much a victim. The wife, on the other hand, was very outspoken, refined, seemed to be sincere, and she was very perplexed and didn’t know what to do. She didn't feel secure in the relationship, but didn't like the way she acted. I explained how the CBT process works, and I suggested that they take the questionnaires. They agreed, so we set up a session for the next week when I revealed their basic tendencies and got very honest with them. He seemed to understand, but she was absolutely shocked, “I never thought of myself as a pusher or a bulldozer or whatever. I don't know if this is true. I don't know what to think.” Codependency blinds their perception of reality and effects of their unhealthy behaviors. I got very basic with them, and talk about what I perceived their relationship was like, and why.
You'll find that if an active woman loses her sense of security, she becomes bitter and angry. In other words, God gives women a basic need for security. The active woman tends to go from perception to reaction very quickly. If her husband is passive, he tends to be impatient, doesn't solve problems, is unkind, and doesn't help her spiritually. He appears to be pushy, demanding, boastful, proud or rude. His reaction of not speaking the truth, does not help her to feel secure. The passive husband is always emotional, wimpy, doesn't pray, and doesn't solve problems with her. She feels like her husband is another child she has to care for, and she resents him for it. He will be irresponsible and try to cover it up. The husband feels picked on when the wife confronts him about this irresponsibility. He resents her from “taking away his fun” and “acting like a jerk” to him. He will feel like she is his jailer.
Without spiritual security, without him having a consistent submissive relationship to God, then she will lose all respect for him. And that's what had happened here. The man was constantly emotional, and making excuses for himself. He did things that were wrong and never would change. His pride pushed him to plan and premeditate what brought him pleasure regardless of the impact on his wife. Their pattern of communication of her nagging and his irresponsibility got worse over the years. When I met them, she was very burned out and bitter, because she had never learned how to deal with conflict. Because her parents were very legalistic, she learned to fight back with her active personality. She sought out someone who would allow her to be her active self. In her codependency, she wanted someone who was passive.
She didn't knowingly do that. She didn't think she would have problems in her marriage. She wanted to be able to be herself and live life as she learned to do to be successful. That’s very common in most codependency situations. The passive person wants to be able to play the victim, so he looks for an active type person who will make decisions and solve problems. In most cases, it does not happen through thoughtful premeditation, but both are selecting the other through pre-set preferences. These are collected through emotional circumstances, memories, life experiences, that all coalesce into a set of spiritual characteristics. When they meet, each finds someone perceived to meet the need each felt: his need for someone to take the lead and be strong, her need for security and gentleness. That's what had happened here. She had an intense sense of insecurity. He was seeking strength, and after a while, he hated it. She would be pushy, disrespectful, and demanding. He had no way of knowing what to do, so he did nothing, but mutter, grumble and blame her. He would not talk to her about his feelings, but would play the victim, go behind her back, and do things that weren't appropriate. She'd find out, nag him some more, and harass him.
So that was the that was the initial session. I told them all these things. That was what I discerned in the first session, but I asked many questions and listened. How are you raised? What were your parents like? Which one of you is the fixer and the problem solver? I explained the CBT process and had them complete an AQAL. In the second session, I went through the analysis, picked out their best, middle and lowest scores. I told the wife my perceptions of her being bitter and insecure and where it was coming from. I explained that she needed to learn God’s way to deal with life issues through the process of patience. She needed to learn to trust God to help her overcome her tendencies for impatience and anger. I explained to the husband that he needed to learn how to express his emotions through conversation with his wife. He would also need to learn to trust God to help him learn to overcome his natural tendencies. The following sessions focused on learning the process of patience and kindness and practicing it through role plays. I had them fill out their facts, feelings and spiritual perceptions. Each of them discovered how they appear to the other person. They realized that the husband can be impatient by being quiet. This appears to be manipulation and makes her thinks he is not dealing with it. She learned that she can be impatient by going from perception to action, bypassing stop, pray, think, and get God’s perceptive. So, they both saw how they were acting out this inappropriate behavior only through two different personality types.
Each had to face and pray about their misunderstandings of what love is. As they saw the truth of scripture against their actions, they had to own it, repent of it, and learn to change with God’s help. They also learned how they had programed their reactions to issues through their lived circumstances. The husband had a very dominating parent, who taught him how to be submissive. He learned to suppress his emotions, and lived with burning anger toward the parent. They also learned how each personality type provokes the other and how that made their marriage so difficult. They provoked fear, pain, anger and hostility.
He had a tendency to be negative by delighting in evil (11). That came partially from when you look his scores on trust (10), hopes (14), perseveres (13), and never fails (14). He often told himself that “he was stupid and he couldn't learn.” So, whenever she would have an opinion or think about an option or say, let's do this, or that, his first knee jerk response was always, “It won't work. It's hopeless.” And underneath it was, “I'm stupid and I'm no good” which developed in childhood.
She had a tendency to not trust (17), and the whole issue of trust and perseveres (20) means an active person tends to think they are supposed to, and can fix and do everything in their life, no matter what it is. Typically, they'll take on too many jobs in a church, and take on too many responsibilities for friends. They'll give away all their money and wonder why they can't keep a budget. In order for an active person to patience, they have to discipline herself to be quiet, go to God for help to think, look at just the one issue, and believe God will help her see the truth. She will also need to depend on God to help her go back to her husband to share what she perceives. Being an active person isn’t bad, but she excluded God in solving her problems. Her low score on trusts (17) and a very high score on hopes (25) seems irrational. Remember hope is a favorable and confident expectation in the unknown and the unseen. She believed that God would help, because she had experienced many answered prayers, and felt confident in God. But most people in the intimate relationships, have trouble applying their hope in God. They focus most on what they want from the other person such as love, affection sexuality, support, and vulnerability. This is especially difficult when they have been disrespected and criticized.
Using the Process of Patience
The codependent relationship is really an abundant use of unloving characteristics of impatience, boastfulness, pride, rudeness, being easily angered, and not trusting God. They rely on their own strength rather than depending on God for help. None of these actions bring success in the relationship, but they do not have another way to interact with each other. They have to commit to stop it, and practice the process of patience. As they do this, they switch their dependency from a false god, of trying on their own flawed behavior, to a relationship with a heavenly Father. He is holy and loves unconditionally, won't hurt or manipulate them. Once they do this, their scores rise on protects, trusts, and hopes. The wife has a correct understanding of God’s character, but she never tried to have God help her with relationships. But at the point of application, she's scared to death.
This couple made it through gaining basic knowledge of Agape love and role plays with the process of patience. They were ready for the next step of solving their own issues. I had them both make up a list of issues they wanted to talk about. For each issue, we begin to apply this knowledge and process to resolve those issues. If they have several problems to work through, the pick one issue and walk them through the steps of presenting each other's facts, feelings and perceptions. In the second or third session of a different couple (active and passive) chose writing bad checks as their issue. After we had gone through the process of patience, the husband said to the wife, “Can't you ever check the balance in the checkbook?” Immediately, I asked her, “What do you hear?” She said, “He called me stupid.” I asked the husband to work this current situation through the process of patience: facts, feelings, spiritual insights. He did and then explained to her, “You write three to five bad checks every week. It makes me feel frustrated and angry. It seems like you want to be manipulative and cruel. Maybe I'm wrong.” I had to coach him on the could be wrong part. She said, “Okay, the facts are I write three to five bad checks, I admit it. I do it because I feel angry at you, because you call me stupid all the time. You do it in sneaky ways, and you're never up front about it. You're rude to me. You pretend like you don't know what you're doing. You call me stupid with the kids. Why'd you dress them that way? You call me stupid with the food. You expect me to eat that? You call me stupid in how I look. Boy, that looks crummy on you. Sixteen years ago, you called me stupid with the money, and I was young and scared, and I didn't know how to balance a checkbook. You expected me to, but never taught me how. It all started with; can't you ever check the balance? I tried to talk to you. I tried to explain it to you. You wouldn't listen to me. And I finally got so hurt, that I decided that money was the way to hurt you, because money is your God. If I write bad checks, then I can hurt you.”
As you will see in the treatment plan, “Lead the client into confronting the behavior of the other co-dependent person.” Confronting hurtful behaviors is done out of “kindness”, being useful and helpful to their spouse, such as using the process of patience or aka, The Principles of Biblical Confrontation (original form) or Biblical Process for Healthy Relationships(updated form). I asked him to respond, give her your facts. He said, “Well, I did talk that way, it's wrong, and I'm sorry. I felt so inadequate when you wrote those checks. I was struggling to make up that budget, and then you destroyed it. And you wouldn't stop. I got bitter. I felt like a failure. I felt like I couldn't trust you, because you didn't want to help me succeed. I didn't realize how you responded, what you thought, and how you felt, because you never told me.” You can see how the active and the passive worked to complicate the issue, because neither would look at the truth and deal with it. So, it never got fixed. Because neither of them submitted to God, they didn't have an arbitrator or a process for communicating with each other about life issues.
That's a common issue of not communicating and solving basic life problems that you will find in your counseling. The solution was this: They made a budget. They checked it each month. She kept a running score of her checking account balance. He taught her, and he changed the words he used to speak to her. They followed the steps of patience, and they willfully submitted to God. By doing this, they avoided using these old patterns and habits. Similarly in this case of co-dependency, that is what happened for these two people. They were dependent upon a human being, flawed and fallible. They failed each other, used excuses to continue the bad behavior, and the codependency. In order to help them, you have to find the one who will agree to work on changing. The wife responded first to me. The husband had a hard time because of being passive. The wife understood how to confront him more appropriately. When she wanted to nag him, she stopped, prayed and didn't nag. Then the roles reversed. This often happens when you have a codependent relationship between a man and a woman. If the woman is in charge, she frustrated and angry that she has to do the husbands role. She hates it, and doesn't want the responsibility, and doesn't feel safe.
Even though she wants him to lead, he doesn’t want to face his problems, risk making a mistake because he feels incompetent. In order for her to feel safe, He needs to go through personal maturity and confront her in love. If the immaturity is changed, and the proper dependency is placed upon God, their co-dependency ends. They instead become dependent on the Holy Spirit through salvation, submission, and obedience. Together, they can depend on the righteousness of God, the grace of God, and the leading of the Holy Spirit. As they apply their knowledge of the biblical principles of Agape love, they can stimulate each other’s spiritual growth. One serving the other so that each can become Christ- like, according to God's plan. I'll submit to you and I'll submit to God. We can be dependent upon God.
In this particular case, it took three or four months to go through all of their issues. I tracked them for a couple years, and they did just fine. The husband sensed a calling into the pastorate. He was healed enough to do that. The skills he learned empowered him to confront himself when he was scared, confront board members, and set up boundaries for how much he worked. In other words, the skills of holiness, confrontation and proper dependency apply to every relationship.
Question 3. It's not all roses here; sometimes codependency is not broken. Remember, you're trying to see if one of the two people want to break the codependency. The hooks of co-dependency is what keeps the couple together, though is also causing much of the dysfunction. Moving from a partner dependent relationship to a primary dependency upon God, upon His character of Agape Love is the ultimate goal. If or when one partner or spouse becomes committed to trusting God, living in the same house may agitate, provoke the other person who is not committed to change. In a marital situation, when the couple’s broken patterns are continuing, you may have to help the willing one to set up a Biblical Separation (we’ll talk more about this in Chapter 4). The separation must be under God’s authority, towards a call to reunite under the standard for living in Agape Love. The willing one will move out of the house, so as to not be a hostage of manipulation or coercion. You will need to help the willing one to solve very real issues of how to do that. Friends and family may try to intervene in the willing one’s steps towards, where you as the counselor may need to provide wisdom and understanding to those who are interfering with this process. They will need to depend on God to find a job, a new place to live, people with trucks to help them move when the other one is out of the house. Simple tasks taken one at a time: make a take list, save money, contact utilities, make a budget, etc. If God's really God, then you have to make the effort by doing your part and expecting God to do His part.
Question 4. This can happen in an employment situation, a friendship, or with a relative. Each situation will require planning to separate and set boundaries. In some cases, one person wants to stay codependent and may be the only of the two that you see redeemed. In employment situations, co-dependency among co-workers, supervisor and supervisee or in educational settings sometimes professor and teaching assistant. Other cases with friendship bonds or family relationships, co-dependency can provide a false security of love, safety and belonging while conforming to a domineering personality or group dynamic. A controlling and domineering person can use guilt, obligation and shame to symbolically tie up the passive person, passive-active or active sincere personality, keeping the bondage intact. In faith based relationships, either worshipping, serving or employed, a “fused” community (base their identity conformity to the ministry, less about their identity and freedom in Jesus Christ) can use pressure to be either in or out of the community, subtly discouraging individuality. When primarily focused on a married couple, the same dynamics can apply that hook, bind and tie up another’s desire and attempts to move towards Agape love.
Question 5. In some cases, both of them will choose to stay codependent. I worked with a woman one time whose husband physically beat her, abused her. At the end of all of the learning and discussion, she looked at me and she said, “I can't leave him. I don't want to leave him. I know this isn't good, but I'm too frightened, and I don't want to take the chance, and I don't want to go deeper in my faith, so I'm going to stay in this.” At that point in time, she was bruised from a beating, and she never returned to counseling. I never did see her again. So sometimes people choose to stay codependent. The good news is that about three out of four people that I work with choose to become dependent upon Jesus and the Holy Spirit and the scripture. Codependency is a very tough situation, and you don't get the full effect that you desire. People have a lifetime to decide what they're going to depend upon. Maybe you don't help now, but you plant the seeds that the Holy Spirit uses when they're 45 or 50. Or a rebellious adolescent doesn’t change now, but when they're 25 or 30 or in their second or third marriage, they remember things you said. You're not always going to see the fruit of your effort. That doesn't mean you shouldn't do it, or you didn't do a good job or God didn't honor it. It's just hard for us, in our own self, sometimes, to deal with our emotions and our own needs, our insecurities, our hopes, our fears, so that we can let people go, and let God be in charge of their eventual healing or restoration.
Copyright 1987, 1990, 1993 by Daniel D. Wilkinson. All rights reserved. For more information concerning this material, write to:
The Biblical Christian Counseling Ministries, Inc., 2730 Radcliffe Dr., Florissant, MO 63031.
Any reproduction of this material without the express written consent of the author is prohibited. Printed in the U.S.A..
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List some of the types of interventions that the counselor can help the client to utilize in order to break the co-dependency.
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Dr. Dan's Answer:
The counselor may have to help the client establish a Biblical and legal separation, help the client work through the process of gaining employment, moving, establishing a legal separation or even calling the police if the other party becomes violent or threatening. The counselor may also have to intervene with friends and relatives by asking them not to talk about the current problems with the client or may have to refer the client to a lawyer, medical doctor or psychiatrist.
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Some clients will want to continue to stay co-dependent. List some reasons for a client's decision to do this.
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Dr. Dan's Answer:
There can be economic reasons such as a lack of the cost of the rent at a new apartment or house. There can also be issues of fear in that the spouse or other person has threatened to hit or hurt the other. There can also be thoughts of shame and of peer pressure. There can also be religious convictions that say to the client that he or she has no right to leave but the client should stay even if the marriage is destructive.
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If a client decided to stay in a co-dependent relationship what types of spiritual reasons for this decision would the client have?
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Dr. Dan's Answer:
The main reason for a client's co-dependence, if the person is not physically ill or psychologically ill (neurosis or psychosis), is a willingness on the client's part to purposefully disobey God and ignore the principles for health and balance (Agape love) that are in the Scripture. As a counselor you must always remain as objective as possible. You can perceive trends in behavior, general symptoms that are evident when there are spiritual difficulties or a lack of knowledge about how to cope or confront. The counselor never wants to accuse or condemn. This will drive the client away and the counselor will lose any hope of helping the person at a later date. An opinion can be given, but there will be times when a person isn't ready to, doesn't want or can't deal with a problem at that time. It's better to lose them for a time than all together.
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